Language+Production+2

Language Production- Production of spoken or written language; it describes all of the stages between having a concept, and translating that concept into linguistic form. Audience Design- The process of shaping a message depending on the audience for which it is intended.
 * Vocabulary:**

H. Paul Grice- An English Philosopher who created the cooperative principle which is an instruction to speakers that they should express uttereances that are appropriate to the setting and context of the conversation at hand.
 * Important People:**

1. Quantity- Make your contribution as imformative as is required. Do not go overboard on information. 2. Quality- Say what is true, and say things that you have evidence for. 3. Relation- Be relevant to the conversation. 4. Manner- Avoid ambiguity and be brief.
 * Grice's Maxims in Language Production:**



An important aspect in language and production is having common ground with speaker/listener. It is usually hard to understand what a random person next to you on a bus is talking about. The woman could be rambling on about this man named Jack, and most likely you have no idea who this Jack is, unless they specify by a last name. Herbert Clark and Catherine Marshall suggested that there are three sources of evidence that base judgments of common ground:

Community membership: People make assumptions about what is likely to be mutually known based on mutual membership in a community. Linguistic copresence: Speakers often assume that information spoken about in a previous, or earlier, conversation is common ground. Physical copresence: This exists when a speaker and a listener are in the presence of objects or situations.

[|Friends] This is a short clip of the show Friends where one of the characters breaks the Grice's maxim of relation. [|Grice's Maxims] This is a student produced video on Grice's Maxims. It is short and kind of cheesy, but it gets the point across.

[|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_production]
 * Works Cited:**

Gerrig, R.J., & Zimbardo, P.G. (2005). //Psychology and life//. Boston, Ma: Pearson.