Development+of+Babies+over+time


 * **Phases** || **Erikson** || **Freud** ||
 * < Erikson- Oral Sensory Stage

Freud- Oral Stage || Time: Birth to One year The major conflict during this period is Trust vs. Mistrust. If a child receives adequate care, they will develop trust with their caretaker. However, not developing this trust can cause the child to become withdrawn. The child must develop this sense of trust because it is entirely helpless, relying totally on their caregivers. Because of this, the child will be more persistant in it's own goals. The needs of the child revolve around being fed, bowel movements, and sleeping. || Time: Birth to Eight months The Oral Stage revolves around gratification received through oral stimulation. This is most easily gratified through eating, however this is not the only method of gratification. Almost anytime a child of this age is handed something, they will place it into their mouth. According to Freud, the child is nothing but a "bundle of Id", and demand gratification for their sexual urges. Thanatos, the death instinct are is also present. Children often destroy things when given them. ||
 * Erikson- Muscular Anal Stage

Freud-Anal Stage || Time: One year to Three years During this stage, children learn to walk, talk, and feed themselves. During this stage, child becomes much more autonomous, thus the major conflict is Autonomy vs. Self-Doubt. If the child receives proper praise for their development, and their ability to do things, they will develop a healthy sense autonomy. However, if the child is often criticized, they will begin to lack self-worth and become very self-conscious. || Time: Eight months to Two years During this stage, the child receives gratification through bowel movements. Children will defecate often in order to receive this gratification, however doing this will bring the child into conflict with their caregivers. Because of this, the child realizes he cannot do whatever he wants, and thus begins to develop an ego, because the child starts to realize when it is appropriate to defecate. ||
 * Erikson- Locomotor Genital Stage

Freud-Phallic Stage || Time: Three years to Five Years Children will begin to attempt to begin starting activities, mental or physical, for the sake of doing activities.Guilt may begin to form, especially over aggressive actions. The major conflict is Initiative vs. guilt. If the child develops properly, he will begin to have confidence in themselves has a creator. However, failure to do so will cause the child feel worthless. || Time: Two years to Six years. The child's main focus of gratification arises as masturbation via manipulation of the genitals. The child begins to subconsciously desire his mother, and resent his father for possessing her. This is known as the Oedipus complex. Females undergo the same process, but it is vice versa, and known as the Elektra complex. The female undergoes Penis envy, where she feels she had a penis, but it is removed, and wants to compensate this by having a child with her father. ||
 * Erikson- Latency Stage

Freud- Latency Stage || Time: Six years to Eleven Years The child spends most of their time building and creating things, or accomplishing goals. The major conflict during this time period is Identity vs. Inferiority. Failure to feel socially accepted, can lead the child to lack self-confidence, and to feel like a failure. However, if the conflict is resolved the child will develop adequate social and intellectual skills. || Time: Six years to Eleven Years. The end of the Phallic stage and the beginning of the latency stage is signified by the child beginning to identify with the parent of the same sex. During this time period, the child will seek same-sex play mates. The child will begin to imitate the same sex parents values and mannerisms, thus the super-ego is developed to a greater extent. ||
 * Erikson- Adolescence

Freud- Genital Stage || Time: 11 years to the end of adolescence During this time, the child begins to struggle with acceptance of their own identity. The major conflict is Identity vs. Role confusion. Children will begin to focus on what their peers think of them, and failure to feel accepted by their peers will make the child feel fragmented as a person. Acceptance by their peers however will make the child be comfortable as a person. || Time: Eleven years to Eighteen years In this stage, children begin to gain pleasure from excretion of bodily fluids again. Masturbation also greatly increases. The child begins to develop stronger relations with same-sex friends, which Freud believed had homosexual connotations. However, these interests begin to be replaced with heterosexual ones. During the Latency stage, the superego becomes very rigid, however during the Genital stage, the child begins to realize that rules can be bent. ||